An interlinear translation is a word-for-word translation that follows the structure of the source text. The translated terms are noted between the lines of the basic text and serve as a comprehension tool for readers. The aim of an interlinear translation is to reproduce the original version as accurately as possible.
The translation is actually an elaborate process. The process is simplified in interlinear translation, which is primarily about translating a text word for word. A coherent translation with correct sentence structure is not the aim; rather the interlinear translation provides an overview of the content of the text.
Structure of an interlinear translation
An interlinear translation follows the structure of the source language. Since the text is translated incoherently word for word, the translation usually has many grammatical errors. Structurally faithful translations enable the reader to study the text as if he or she had mastered the original language.
Difficulties with interlinear translations
Texts that are translated interlinearly are usually only understandable with the help of the source text. In addition, this method assumes that the reader must learn foreign terms and, if necessary, acquire historical knowledge. Especially with older texts, certain losses compared to the original cannot be avoided. For example, some terms are not understandable when translated literally or used in the wrong context. The danger of falsification can be countered with the help of comments and footnotes.
Origin of interlinear translation
In the early days of Old High German writing, interlinear translations were used in monastic schools to simplify the learning of Latin for the prospective clergy. The numerous interlinear versions from the monastery of Reichenau, which were written in the 8th and 9th centuries, are particularly well known.
The best-known interlinear version
Interlinear versions are often used for easier reading of the Bible in the original languages. The translation is always directly under the basic text, so that the meaning of each word can be understood directly. Students of theology, pastors and others interested in original biblical texts especially like to turn to the interlinear translations of the Old and New Testaments.
Difference between interlinear translation and glossing
While in interlinear translation the individual words in the target language are noted between the lines, in interlinear glossing the terms are additionally analysed with regard to their morpheme structure. Reminder: in linguistics, morpheme is the technical term for the smallest unit of speech, i.e. the speech syllable.
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FAQ: More questions about interlinear translation
What is a literal translation?
This is a translation in which the original text is transferred word-for-word into the target language.
What does interlinear translation mean?
An interlinear translation is a word-for-word translation in which the individual words in the target language, together with synonyms, are noted between the lines of the basic text.
What is an interlinear version?
An interlinear version is a literal translation between the lines of the source text. The term is used synonymously with interlinear translation.
Which programs help with word-for-word translation?
Free programs such as the classic Google Translate, Pons or the Free Language Translator help with word-for-word translation. In addition, there are various free apps to download for smartphone.
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